Archives For Taxes

What Is an Enrolled Agent (EA)?

Corey —  October 18, 2010

What Is an Enrolled Agent (EA)?       After hemmin’ and hawin’ about it for a while, I finally signed up to take the exams to become an Enrolled Agent. I’m excited about it (and a bit nervous), but I’m guessing most of you have no idea what I’m talking about. That’s because I didn’t even know what an Enrolled Agent was until I had a couple years of experience doing taxes and working as a financial planner. So here’s a basic overview of what an Enrolled Agent is and why I decided to become one.

What Is an Enrolled Agent (EA)?

       An Enrolled Agent is a person who has been authorized to represent taxpayers (without the taxpayer’s presence) before all administrative levels of the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) for audits, collections, and appeals. They aren’t restricted on which taxpayers they can represent and what types of tax matters they can handle.

How Is an Enrolled Agent Different from Other Tax Preparers?

       Until 2011, Enrolled Agents are the only tax preparers required to demonstrate their competence in tax matters to the IRS. (This is changing – see my note in the section below on why I decided to become an EA.) Attorneys and CPAs may or may not specialize in taxes, but all EAs specialize in taxation. They’re also required to fulfill continuing education requirements by law – at least 72 hours every three years. While CPAs have continuing education requirements for their license, the courses EAs take must be related to Federal tax laws. CPAs often take courses on a variety of topics not related to taxes.

       Unlike other tax preparers, Enrolled Agents (along with CPAs and attorneys) can represent taxpayers before the IRS even if they didn’t prepare their return. This is important because these other tax preparers can’t represent a taxpayer before appeals officers, revenue officers, or IRS Counsel. A tax preparer must be an Enrolled Agent, CPA, or attorney to do that. Also, an unenrolled tax preparer cannot execute claims for refund, receive refund checks, execute consents to extend the statutory period for assessment or collection, execute closing agreements, or execute waivers of restriction on assessment or collection of a deficiency in tax.

How Do You Become an Enrolled Agent?

       There are two ways to become an Enrolled Agent. You can pass a three part exam (called the SEE or Special Enrollment Examination). The three parts cover individual taxes, business & other entity taxes, and representation, practices, and procedures. Each part of the exam contains 100 questions. It’s a very comprehensive and difficult exam. Here’s a list of the documents the IRS recommends reviewing before taking the exam.

       The other way to become an Enrolled Agent is to work for the IRS for five years in a position that regularly required you to interpret and apply the tax code and its regulations. Regardless of which method you choose (exam or IRS work experience), you have to undergo a thorough background check on both your criminal history and your personal tax filing history. You can be sure you’ll be denied if you didn’t file, didn’t pay your taxes, or filed a fraudulent return. (You’d think they would have run this kind of check on Timothy Geithner before Obama nominated him to become the Secretary of the Treasury!)

Why I Decided to Become an Enrolled Agent

       I have three main reasons I decided to become an EA. Here they are:

  1. Provide Better, Higher Quality Service – I didn’t want to be in a position where I couldn’t represent my tax clients if they had an issue with the IRS that involved appeals or collections. Becoming an EA ensures that I can help my clients no matter what tax issue comes up. (Except for going to court – you need an attorney for that.)
  2.  

  3. Strengthen My Tax Knowledge – Taking the Enrolled Agent exams requires you to carefully study all aspects of Federal taxes. I’m familiar with most individual tax issues and some business, trust, and estate issues, but there’s still quite a bit that I’m not 100% comfortable with. Passing the exam won’t magically make me an expert, but it, along with the continuing education requirements, will ensure that I have a more complete and deeper knowledge of Federal taxes.
  4.  

  5. Upcoming IRS Requirements for Tax Preparers – Starting in 2011, the IRS is going to require all paid tax preparers (except EAs, CPAs, and attorneys) to register, pass a knowledge examination, and complete continuing education. The test likely won’t be as difficult as the EA exam, and the continuing education requirements aren’t as stringent either. But these tax preparers will still be limited in which taxpayers and tax matters they can represent before the IRS. It seemed to me that it would be better to just become an EA in the long run.

       Obviously, I’m not doing it for the marketing advantage as I’ll probably spend the rest of my professional life explaining what an EA is. But that’s OK with me because I know it’s valuable and will help my clients.

       Well, now you know what an EA is. What do you think? Sound like it was a good thing for me to pursue?

photo credit: (Alan Cleaver on Flickr)

The Secret to a Successful Budget eBook
 
       Welcome to the Carnival of Personal Finance #271 – The Secret to a Successful Budget eBook Edition! My friend Craig Ford at Money Help for Christians is launching a new eBook today. It’s designed to help you discover the secrets to successful budgeting.

       I think it’s a great resource for anyone who’s ever struggled with budgeting, so I’ve included some quotes from his eBook throughout this carnival. You can get the book for 30% off if you buy before midnight (EDT) August 31st, 2010. Be sure to read through to the end of this carnival because I’ll be giving away two FREE copies to two lucky winners!

Editor’s Choice

       Here are my top picks from the submissions this week:

  • Mike Piper from Oblivious Investor presents Dealing with Investment Confusion, and says, “What’s the best approach to dealing with the confusion that comes from being a new investor?” – [Mike shares some good advice for people who are confused about investing. It won’t immediately cure your confusion, but applying this strategy over and over will help you make informed decisions you can stick to.]
  • Briana Ford from Go Banking Rates presents Why Americans Can’t Afford to Die [Infographic], and says, “If you never thought about this problem before, take a look at how expensive funerals really are. You may discover you, like many Americans, simply can’t afford to die.” – [What can I say? I’m a sucker for infographics.]
  • Len from Len Penzo dot Com presents A Simple Trick to Get Your Credit Card Interest Charges Waived. – [I wish more people realized the power of Len’s simple trick!]
  • Lauren from Richly Reasonable presents 4 Bad Deals, and says, “The term “Bad Deal” is relative. Not only is Necessity the mother of Invention, she is also the mother of many a Bad Deal. Necessity has a TON of children.” – [Funny, smart, and witty – and likely to open a few eyes at least!]
  • Jacob A. Irwin from My Personal Finance Journey presents Adjusting My Monthly Budget to Account for Home Ownership, and says, “A look at the steps I have recently taken to adjust my personal budget to account for the various elements of home ownership.” – [At our current rent rate owning a home just doesn’t make sense. Just look at all the costs involved!]

       Congratulations to the editor’s choice picks! Here are the rest of the articles from this week’s submissions.

Money Management

  • MD from Studenomics presents Quick College Students Guide To Personal Finance.
  • Jason from One Money Design presents How Do You Live Well on Less Pay?, and says, “There are plenty of people that don’t make a lot of money and have trouble covering basic expenses each month. There are 5 essential tips to follow to live well on less pay.”
  • Revanche from A Gai Shan Life presents Shopping for the single life .
  • ispf from Grad Money Matters presents The American Dream of Home Ownership: 10 Things You Can Do as a Student.
  • Jim from Wanderlust Journey presents Royal Caribbean Cruise Lines Shareholder Benefits.
  • Jason from Live Real, Now presents Check Your Bills, and says, “Can you automate your finances too far?”
  • Elle from Couple Money presents Financial Tips for College Success, and says, “Many college students are surprised to see how easy it is to build a financial foundation for themselves. Learn how to set up bank accounts, pay your bills, and start a graduation fund.”
  • DE(a)BTh from Murder Your Debt presents Your Wasted Life, and says, “You thought financing a house and a fast car meant freedom. That an expensive education would lead you to a rewarding career where you could earn lots of money. You were wrong, weren’t you? You hate your career but you’re stuck. You’re stuck because you swallowed the lies you were sold. The lies that material possessions bring success. The lies that more money means more happiness. And now what? You’ve got it all; the cars, the house with the huge yard, the sexy outfits and shiny shoes. But you’re STILL not happy!”
  • vh from Funny about Money presents Social Security’s Bizarre Rules, and says, “Social Security’s restrictive rules make it impossible to get out of poverty when unemployment forces one into early retirement and stock-market losses militate against retirement fund drawdowns.”
  • J. Money from Budgets Are Sexy presents What would you do with an extra $1,000?, and says, “Montel Williams wants to know ;)”
  • Bob from Christian Finances presents How to spend unexpected income: 3 questions to ask, and says, “It can be tough to know what to do when you receive a large sum of cash – this article will give you some questions to help you figure out what to do with it…”
  • Mr. GoTo from Go To Retirement presents How Much Long Term Care Insurance Should You Have?, and says, “Insuring against a long term care event is part of personal risk management. Estimating the amount of long term care coverage to obtain requires careful consideration of several factors.”

If you are working 40 or more hours a week to earn your money, don’t you think it is worth an hour or two to set up a budget?

Isn’t it worth spending about an hour every week to manage the money you work so hard to earn? It is always better to manage what you have than to work yourself crazy trying to get more money.

– from page 21 of The Secret to a Successful Budget by Craig Ford

Finance

Investing

  • Dividend Growth Investor from Dividend Growth Investor presents 33 Dividend Champions to Consider, and says, “Dividend investor David Fish has created a list of dividend stocks which have raised distributions for 25 consecutive years and has named it the dividend champions list. His list includes 100 companies, which is more than twice the size of the Dividend Aristocrats. I ran a screen on the list in order to identify stocks for further research.”
  • Mike from The Financial Blogger presents Use the Loonie’s Strength to Invest in the Eagle Market, and says, “Canadian dollar is strong compared to the US dollar at this time. Use this as an opportunity to invest in US stocks.”
  • Div Guy from The Dividend Guy Blog presents Dividend Investing with Less Than $1,000 Part 3: How to Pick Your ETFs and/or Dividend Funds, and says, “Starting to invest is quite motivating but as a young investor, you must put greed and hype aside and start by looking for sound investments.”
  • Squirrelers presents Small Stocks = High Return and High Volatility, and says, “Small stocks, particularly those in the lowest deciles, have performed very well over the long-term. They can be an important part of your asset allocation, provided you can stomach the associated risks.”
  • D4L from Dividends Value presents My Top 6 Performing Dividend Stocks Just Might Surprise You, and says, “As I have stated many times, my goal is to create an ever growing income stream from dividend stocks. Secondarily, it is my desire to beat the S&P 500 over time. With that said, I rarely look at the capital performance of individual stocks. However, I recently sorted my portfolio by Total Gain % (total gain/basis) and was mildly surprised at the top performers.”
  • ElizabethG (Modern Gal) from Modern Gal presents Investing for Inflation in 2010.
  • DSO from High Dividend Stocks presents Big GE and it’s big dividend, and says, “One of America’s oldest and most prestigious companies has become an accidental high yielder.”

Budgeting in and of itself is useless.

Budgeting is part of a larger financial plan.

– from page 9 of The Secret to a Successful Budget by Craig Ford

Budgeting

Saving

Frugality

You need to focus your finances on accomplishing one major task at a time.

If you don’t, the danger is that every dollar will be diluted to a point that it makes little impact helping you reach your goals.

– from page 9 of The Secret to a Successful Budget by Craig Ford

Debt

Credit

The goal of the budget is to help you spend less than you earn.

Therefore, this becomes the single criteria for an effective budget – does it help you spend less than you earn?

– from page 12 of The Secret to a Successful Budget by Craig Ford

Reviews

  • PT from PT Money presents Free Prepaid Credit Cards, and says, “A thorough, original review of the best free prepaid credit cards, including those that are free of activation and monthly fees. These cards are great for those who need to avoid debt, or those that can’t get a traditional bank account.”
  • Silicon Valley Blogger from The Digerati Life presents Citi Dividend Platinum Select MasterCard Review, and says, “Here’s a review of a credit card I actually like.”

Real Estate

  • FMF from Free Money Finance presents How to Hire a Home Inspector, and says, “When you buy a home, you need to be sure you hire a good home inspector to identify any potential problems. This post gives tips on how to do this.”
  • Jeff Rose from Good Financial Cents presents Should You Upgrade to a Larger Home”, and says, ”
    In many markets, home owners are looking at homes in the next price range up as good buys, since foreclosures and a slow market are resulting in good deals. But, as tempting as it is to upgrade to a larger home, is it really a good idea? Here are some things to consider before upgrading to a larger home.”
  • Rob from Two Wise Acres presents 3 Things to Avoid When Buying a Home, and says, “When buying a home, it’s critical that you avoid these three credit mistakes.”
  • ctreit from Money Obedience presents Do renters really save money in the end?.

Taxes

  • pkamp3 from Don’t Quit Your Day Job… presents Tax Incidence, and says, “Who really pays for a tax when it is enacted? If the government enacts a new tax on washing machines, is the entire tax on Maytag? The consumer? Cameron Daniels breaks down the details.”

A budget lets your spouse see your values and priorities in a tangible way.

A budget forces you to communicate not just about your life goals, but also about your daily financial preferences.

– from page 16 of The Secret to a Successful Budget by Craig Ford

Career

  • Kristina from Dinks Finance presents A DINK in The Office, and says, “As a married or unmarried employee with no children, are you treated differently than your colleagues with kids?”
  • Nicole from Nicole and Maggie: Grumpy Rumblings presents Why did you go to graduate school?, and says, “Nicole and Maggie discuss reasons for graduate school and how sometimes we’re directed into a career for the right reasons and sometimes we fall into it for the wrong reasons. But it turns out OK anyway (or maybe it doesn’t, but you can always change your mind).”

Economy

  • Bret from Hope to Prosper presents Trillion Dollar Public Pension Shortfall, and says, “An article in the New York Times stated that there is a $1 Trillion dollar public pension shortfall. Despite repeated denials from PERS and public employee unions, public pensions are in big trouble.”
  • JLP from AllFinancialMatters.com presents Democrats, Republicans, and the Federal Debt Since 1979, and says, “Though the title may suggest it, this is not a “political” post.”

Budgeting is a process, not an event.

You won’t wake up tomorrow with an effective budget. Instead, you will start with a decent budget that later becomes a good budget. Eventually, it is a great budget.

– from page 16 of The Secret to a Successful Budget by Craig Ford

Other

The Secret to a Successful Budget eBook Giveaway!

       As promised, I’m giving away two free copies of The Secret to a Successful Budget courtesy of Craig. To enter, all you need to do is leave a comment on this post telling me how budgeting has helped you OR your biggest struggle with budgeting. I’ll use random.org to select two winners tomorrow evening (August 24, 2010) at 5:00 PM EDT so be sure to enter by then!!! I’ll update this post to announce the winners, but use a valid email address when you comment so I can reach you if you win. Good luck!

[Update: Laura has won a free copy of The Secret to a Successful Budget! Congratulations!!!]

The Secret to a Successful Budget eBook

       This guest post was provided by Ashley from TaxDebtHelp.com.

       There are few things worse than knowing you owe the government a huge chunk of money and one of those things is knowing you do not have the money to pay what you owe. No one wants to be indebted to Uncle Sam because the IRS is a powerful collection agency and typically supersedes other creditors. When the tax bill comes due and you can’t afford it, you can be fined or penalized, have your assets frozen, find a lien placed on your property, or potentially have your property levied. Levies may come in the form of the IRS taking money out of your bank or taking money out of your paycheck (IRS wage garnishment).

       So what do you do? The IRS is reasonable in understanding that not all taxpayers are capable of settling their debts in one lump sum but still want to do the right thing. There are resolutions that the IRS offers to help consumers catch a break and settle their debts in full.

How to Get Help with a Back Tax Bill

       The first thing any taxpayer should do is realize where their current financial situation stands. They need to be clear about the reality of their finances so they will be able to better negotiate the process of getting help. The IRS has several programs that assist people who do not have the immediate resources to pay off their tax debts. If you are in a great financial place, you shouldn’t have too much trouble paying the debt in full.

       If you have a decent financial situation where you can’t pay the taxes in full but do have reliable income and some cash left over after paying living expenses, you should be able to set aside cash from each check to make payments on your tax balance. Options for people who are doing OK financially include:

1. IRS Installment Agreements

       A common method to help consumers pay their taxes is the installment agreement. The IRS will allow reasonable payments to be made on a monthly basis until the balance is paid in full. If you do not owe more than $25,000, you have a good chance of being approved for an installment agreement without much paperwork provided you can satisfy the debt within a 3-5 year time period.

2. Partial Payment Installment Agreement

       For those who can afford some payments but who are unable to qualify for a normal installment agreement, a Partial Payment Installment Agreement may be set up. The taxpayer will be able to make monthly payments towards their tax bill, but with a PPIA part of your debt will exceed the statute of limitations on debt collection. In essence, you end up paying less than you owed. You must provide financial documents to prove your financial status and get the IRS to agree to approving this option.

3. Take a Loan

       If you feel you would be successful approaching family or friends for a loan on the amount you owe, it may be an option to avoid fees and IRS paperwork to borrow the cash you need and satisfy the debt in full. Only exercise this option if you are comfortable dealing with family and money and be sure to pay back the loan amount within a reasonable period of time.

       If you have poor finances, meaning you can not pay the taxes you owe and there is nothing left after basic needs have met, you may find the IRS can offer a resolution to paying owed taxes.

4. Offer in Compromise

       This option will allow a taxpayer to settle the tax amount due for a sum less than is owed. Many taxpayers hope to get approved for this option but few will because the IRS ensures only those who really need the assistance get accepted for an Offer in Compromise. If the IRS is assured they will never be able to collect the amount owed, they will likely approved the offer from the taxpayer.

5. Currently Not Collectible Status

       In a situation where the IRS is sure that collection of a tax debt would be unfair due to payments resulting in the loss of basic necessities, they will declare a taxpayer’s debt to be currently not collectible. The IRS will not release the debt but will essentially offer a forgiveness for a period of time usually up to 18 months. They will check in for updates on financial status until they deem the amount collectible. The good thing is normally the statute of limitations on your debt (time the IRS has to collect) continues to tick. However, penalties and interest can still accrue.

6. Bankruptcy

       Bankruptcy should be a last resort to resolve debt issues but it is a serious matter and should not be used just because you can’t afford to pay taxes. Bankruptcy will negatively affect credit for ten years to come, and it may be in a taxpayer’s best interest to seek the assistance of the IRS for better options on settling a back tax debt. Additionally, bankruptcy is never a guarantee. In the end, a taxpayer may not even be approved for a tax debt dismissal.

       Whatever method works for both the taxpayer and the IRS should be considered and action needs to be taken to resolve the matter of an outstanding debt. Avoiding the situation will only make the debt larger and the legal consequences more severe.

       This guest post was provided by Ashley from TaxDebtHelp.com. If you are looking for more self-help details on IRS tax debt payment plans, or if you are looking for ways to resolve IRS tax levies like IRS Wage Garnishment, visit their site today.

       While knowledge isn’t really a hindrance to success, you don’t need to know everything to accomplish your goals. After you reach a basic understanding of an area you want to be successful in, you need to start taking action. Continuing your learning after that point is wise, too. But if you never act on what you learn, you’ll never be successful.

First, Learn the Basics

       This is especially true in personal finance. You don’t have to be a seasoned financial planner to begin finding success. You don’t even need to spend a ton of time to understand the basics. They’re simple. Spend less. Earn more. Save and invest. Be wise and cautious when making purchases (goods, services, or investments). Plan ahead. Don’t pay things you don’t have to (like extra taxes). And so on. A basic education is all you need to start finding success in your personal finances.

       You don’t need an accounting degree to make a budget. You don’t have to be Warren Buffet to start investing. You don’t have to go to law school to get your estate documents in place.

Then, Take Action

       Success in personal finance is not necessarily about knowing all the right answers. It’s about taking action. Those who only read about the benefits of budgeting will never be as successful as those who actually try to make a budget and stick to it. This is true even if the doers are not successful the first time.

       You can learn by reading about the experiences of others – but only so much. Until you start creating your own experiences, the information will just be knowledge in your head. You must start using it yourself!

       Don’t think I’m discounting the value of learning, education, and research. To be truly successful, you’ll have to keep learning. But you can’t get started on the road to success unless you follow a pattern of learning, doing, learning, doing, and so on.

Avoid Danger Areas!

       I’ll end with a few cautions especially true in personal finance. In some areas of personal finance, there are unscrupulous people who will try to take advantage of your lack of education. Insurance, investing, and debt are the most common places you’ll run into this, but you can really find it anywhere. Here’s the key: Before doing something, make sure you’re aware of the possible problems/pitfalls and educate yourself on how to avoid them.

       Here’s an example. In investing and insurance, you must be aware of how advisors and salesmen get paid. If it’s commissions, know what conflicts of interest might exist. In other words, learn how people might try to rip you off and be on the lookout for those techniques.

       Even though there are risks to the learn, do, learn method, you can avoid most major mistakes by learning first about the danger areas and how to avoid them. In personal finance, be aware of those who earn commissions, learn the math of debt, and read the academic research on investing.

Now Do Something!!!

       So get out there and start doing the needed things to achieve success. Stop reading about budgeting and do it! Stop worrying about having enough for retirement and start saving! Stop dreaming of starting your own business and do it! You’re never going to get anywhere until you take action.

P.S. I think I wrote this as much for me as for anyone else. I have the curse of perfectionism, and I must battle it every day. There is no such thing as perfect in this world. Only God is perfect. So I need to stop worrying about doing everything perfectly and just start doing. What about you?

       A couple weeks ago a friend asked me how he could get out of paying Social Security taxes. He feels like there won’t be any Social Security for him when he retires, so he’d rather just save up the money himself. I had done some research on the same topic a couple years ago and I brushed up on it again recently. Here’s how you can get out of paying Social Security and Medicare taxes.

IRS Form 4029

       IRS Form 4029 is an application for exemption from Social Security and Medicare taxes and a waiver of benefits from those programs. However, there are a few catches:

  1. You must be a member of a religious group that teaches against insurance (for conscientious reasons – not because they believe it won’t be around to pay you benefits). This group must also provide a reasonable level of living for its dependent members. Finally, it must have existed continuously since December 31, 1950. It doesn’t matter if you think your group fits the description. It must be approved by the Social Security Administration. Generally, only the Amish and very conservative Mennonite groups will qualify for this specific form. I’m part of a Mennonite church and I don’t think we’d even qualify (unless the SSA knows little about the differences among Mennonites).
  2.  

  3. You’re giving up all rights to any benefits you’d be entitled to under Social Security or Medicare. So you better be ready to replace its purpose in terms of life insurance, retirement income, disability insurance, and medical insurance. While that’s no small task, my rough calculations show you’d probably be better off doing those things yourself if you’re young and make more than $30,000/year.
  4.  

  5. This exemption only applies to your self-employment earnings and earnings from employers who also qualify for this exemption. Qualifying employers will be limited to individuals, partnerships, some LLCs, and religious organizations. If you work for a corporation (C or S), this won’t do you much good. Unless, of course, you’re paid as an independent contractor and issued a Form 1099-MISC, in which case you’d be filing Schedule C and be subject to self-employment taxes.
  6.  

  7. As soon as you are no longer eligible, this exemption ends. So if you leave your religious group or if the SSA determines your group no longer qualifies, you’re back to square one. However, you can become eligible for Social Security and Medicare benefits once the exemption no longer applies.

       Basically, not many people will qualify and the exemption is fairly limited (in terms of compensation affected). However, there is another form that serves a similar purpose, but it is even more limited than this one.

IRS Form 4361

       IRS Form 4361 is an application for exemption from self-employment taxes for ministers, members of religious orders, and christian science practitioners. Again, there are quite a few limitations:

  1. You must be an ordained, commissioned, or licensed minister for a church, a christian science practitioner, or a member of a religious order who has not taken a vow of poverty (like people who work for a monastery or convent but are not monks or nuns). That’s a narrow list.
  2.  

  3. You have to be conscientiously opposed or have religious beliefs that are opposed to receiving benefits from public insurance based on the performance of your duties as a minister, christian science practitioner, or member of a religious order.
  4.  

  5. This exemption only applies to your earnings in that role. If you have another job, you’ll still have to pay Social Security and Medicare taxes on those earnings and you’ll be eligible for benefits based on those earnings.

       Again, this exemption is very limited in terms of who qualifies and in its scope.

The Rest of Us Will Just Have to Deal with It

       There are no other ways to remain a U.S. Citizen and not pay Social Security and Medicare taxes unless you’re willing to move out of the country. But the real question is whether Social Security will actually run out of benefits by the time today’s young people retire. Everyone bases the idea that Social Security won’t be around on the intermediate projection in the 2008 Trustees Report. But you need to realize three things:

  1. These are projections based on assumptions. There are no guarantees. People are estimating what they think will happen and running scenarios based on numerous variables. There is much room for error in these calculations.
  2.  

  3. Even under these projects, Social Security can still pay 75-78% of scheduled benefits. That’s not great news, but it’s not the end of Social Security either.
  4.  

  5. The “fixes” needed are relatively simple and not very drastic either. An increase in the Social Security tax, delay in retirement age, reduction in benefits, or a combination of all three could easily change the projections. In fact, a combination of all three solutions would probably be quite beneficial and have only a slight impact on individual situations.

       With that said, I’m still not a huge proponent of the system and I’d gladly save on my own if I had the option. But Social Security was put into place partly because people don’t save on their own. If the current state of personal finances in America is any indication, we’d likely have millions of poverty-stricken elderly due to a lack of financial discipline.

       Maybe you don’t have all your tax documents yet, or maybe you just forgot – but if you can’t file your taxes on time there’s a simple solution. All you need to do is file for an automatic extension of your tax return.

Form 4868

       IRS Form 4868 will let you apply for an automatic 6 month extension on the due date of your tax return. You must file this form by April 15, and you can file it electronically or by paper. There’s also an option to pay by credit card or debit card over the phone or online but a convenience fee will apply. Either way, you’ll still have to pay any taxes you owe by April 15. That means you’ll have to estimate your tax liability. And you’ll want to get it close to right because interest charges will apply to any unpaid portion. If you pay at least 90% of your actual tax liability by April 15, you won’t have to worry about late payment penalties.

What if You’re Out of the Country?

       If you’re out of the country on April 15 and you’re a U.S. citizen or resident, you automatically get an extra 2 months to file your tax return without requesting an extension or filing Form 4868. If you still can’t file by June 15, then you’ll want to send in Form 4868 and pay any amount due by June 15.

Make Sure You Don’t Miss the Final Deadline!

       If you get your due date extended by 6 months, make sure you don’t miss the October 15 deadline! There’s a 5% late filing penalty for every month you’re late up to a maximum of 25% of your amount due. If you’re two months late, you’ll be charged at least $135 or the balance due, whichever is smaller. Don’t keep putting off your tax return even if you do get the extension.

       Maybe you forgot to claim an IRA contribution. Or you learned about a tax credit you could get but you’ve already filed your tax return. There’s an easy solution for you to fix your tax return and claim anything you forgot (or weren’t aware of). All you need to do is file an amended return. This does not mean you file another Form 1040, 1040A, or 1040EZ – you should never file more than one original tax return for any year.

Form 1040X

       The IRS Form 1040X is all you need to file an amended tax return. Basically, you’ll just fill out the correct information you should have put on your original tax return. Click here to download Form 1040X and the instructions. The instructions will help answer any specific questions you may have.

       If you did your original tax return using software, it’ll probably be easiest to use that same software to complete your amended return. You’ll need to follow the specific instructions for the program you used since it’ll vary. This is one of the easiest ways to file an amended return.

       If you used a tax preparer to file your return, you just need to contact them to file an amended return. (This is a good reason to avoid H&R Block, Jackson Hewitt, Liberty Tax Services, or any other seasonal tax preparation shop. They won’t be open when you need them later on in the year!) Send in the correct information and your tax preparer can fill out Form 1040X for you.

How Long Do I Have?

       Generally, you can only file an amended return within 3 years of when you filed the original return. If you file early, you are considered as filing on the deadline of that year. For example, if you filed on March 3rd the IRS would consider you as having filed on April 15th. If you filed for an extension, then the deadline of the extension will be your effective filing date.

       However, there are a few exceptions to this three year rule. First, if you’re physically or mentally unable to manage your financial affairs this deadline can be waived. Check out IRS Publication 556 for more details. There are also a number of other exceptions to the three year limit, including bad debts, worthless securities, foreign tax credits or deductions, and loss or credit carrybacks. See the instructions for Form 1040X for more information on those exceptions.